Rationale
Frog, butterfly, fern, tree are all biotic factors.
Biotic factors refer to the living components within an ecosystem, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. In this case, all the listed organisms in choice C represent living entities that interact with each other and their environment.
A) Winds, sunlight, fern, frog
Winds and sunlight are abiotic factors, as they are non-living physical components that influence the environment. The inclusion of the fern and frog does not change the fact that two of the four items listed are abiotic, disqualifying this option from being a list of only biotic factors.
B) Soil, sunlight, frog, tree
Soil and sunlight are also abiotic factors. While the frog and tree are indeed living organisms, the presence of non-living components like soil and sunlight means this list cannot consist solely of biotic factors.
C) Frog, butterfly, fern, tree
All items in this list are living organisms: the frog and butterfly are animals, while the fern and tree are plants. This complete list of biotic factors accurately represents only the living elements of the ecosystem.
D) Soil, frog, butterfly, fern
Soil is an abiotic factor, as it is a non-living substrate that supports life. The frog, butterfly, and fern are biotic factors, but the inclusion of soil means this option does not consist entirely of living components.
Conclusion
Identifying biotic factors is essential for understanding ecosystems, as they include all living organisms that interact within an environment. The only list that exclusively features biotic factors is C, which includes a frog, butterfly, fern, and tree. Choices A, B, and D all contain abiotic factors, which disqualify them from being considered lists of only biotic components.
