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Which list contains only biotic factors?

Scientists have been examining increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its effect on the growth of marine viruses, the growth of their bacterial hosts, the ocean's temperatures, and the circulation of ocean waters. Which factor being studied by the scientists is biotic?

A population of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is exposed to successive, short rounds of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. What will happen to the population?

Climate change is affecting the chemistry of the world's oceans. In particular, the ocean water is becoming more acidic. For purple sea urchins, this poses problems as their calcium-based exoskeletons may dissolve in acidic conditions. In a certain population of purple sea urchins, some individuals possess a trait that makes their exterior more resistant to acid. If global climate change continues (as predicted) to make ocean water more acidic, how might this population of purple sea urchins evolve in response to this increased acidification?

What evolutionary mechanism would explain the increased frequency of male birds with narrow, elongated tail feathers within this population?