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Question 1 of 5
A professor designed a study to determine whether noise level outside the classroom affects exam scores. Three 80-question exams were administered at various points in the course, in the room in which the course was taught, during regular class time. The professor arranged for absolute silence outside the classroom during the first exam, low-level noise during the second, and moderate noise during the third. The professor then compared exam scores across the three exams.
Which of the following is the independent variable in the study?