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Question 1
The narrator of this passage from a novel is Nasarian, a woman who was born in Kenya and now lives in New York City. (1) Looking at her makes me remember. (2) I can almost feel the heat rising, riding the backs of broken cobblestones, gray and scraped smooth by a ceaseless parade of tired, black, sandaled feet. (3) But that was far away and long ago. (4) Here, this woman peers almost timidly around the curving, splintered wood of the brownstone door, blinking furiously now as the wind and rain whip her face. (5) I stare, and a sudden longing whistles through my mind, dancing around me on each restless gust of cold, wet wind that slams into my chest as I walk down 132nd Street in Harlem. (6) Harlem. (7) So far from my home. (8) So far from the endless Kenyan plains that I still dream about each night. (9) The rain pelts my face, and I shiver as it shimmies down my neck and creeps underneath the thick, scratchy collar of my coat. (10) I cannot stop staring into this woman's face, this African mother draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen. (11) As she descends the stairs, the rain seems to disappear around her. (12) Now that she has committed herself, she does not blink or falter. (13) If anything, the rain has become a tightly woven fruit basket bearing down on the crown of her head, under which her pride demands that she stand erect. (14) The only concession she gives is to pull her head wrap up out of the folds of her long, dark cloak and clutch it tightly underneath her chin. (15) The scarf is a replica of the same gilded hijab my mother wore as a child, long before she became my mother. (16) I know this because it is the outfit that she chooses when she comes to me at night in my dreams. (17) This woman looks nothing like my mother, yet somehow my heart tells me that they are almost exactly the same. (18) She tucks her curling braids underneath the edges of the wrap, attempting to cover the wildness embroidered in her hair. (19) I don't understand why, modesty is no kin to women like her. (20) She cannot help but walk like a mountain's peak through the raunchy streets of Harlem, wearing her continent on the high bridge of her nose, with the valleys curving round like clattering rings into her nostrils. (21) Her exposed heels are lined with the deep furrows of an elephant's trunk. (22) She wears sandals in the November cold, in the hard, trash-swilling rain because the thirsty leather straps remind her of deserts and home (at least that's why I do so).
When the author writes that Chilesaurus diegosuarezi “should have been a meat-eater,” she most likely means that the species:
Your Answer: Option(s)
Correct Answer: Option(s) D
Rationale
Chilesaurus diegosuarezi had body features similar to those of its meat-eating relative.
The species was linked to Tyrannosaurus rex, a known carnivore, through ancestry. Despite this connection and possessing similar physical characteristics, Chilesaurus diegosuarezi was not a meat eater, but rather an herbivore.
A) Would have been healthier if it had eaten meat
The text does not suggest any health implications related to the dinosaur's diet. The statement "should have been a meat-eater" is likely referring to its physical characteristics and ancestry, not to any health benefits it might have gained from eating meat.
B) Would have grown even larger if it had eaten meat
There is no information in the text to suggest that the dinosaur's size was influenced by its diet or that it would have grown larger if it had consumed meat. The phrase "should have been a meat-eater" is tied to its physical traits and ancestral connections, not its growth potential.
C) Had the head, neck, and teeth of a meat-eater
Although Chilesaurus diegosuarezi had a long neck and small head, the text specifically states that it had "a mouth full of leaf-shaped teeth." This is characteristic of herbivores, not carnivores, contradicting the idea that it had the head, neck, and teeth of a meat-eater.
D) Had body features similar to those of its meat-eating relative
This choice is correct. The dinosaur's sturdy back legs, thin body, and short, stout arms are mentioned as resembling those of T. rex, its meat-eating relative. However, despite these similarities, Chilesaurus diegosuarezi was an herbivore.
Conclusion
The phrase "should have been a meat-eater" likely refers to the expectation based on Chilesaurus diegosuarezi's ancestry and certain physical characteristics that it shared with its meat-eating relative, T. rex. However, despite these similarities, the dinosaur was an herbivore, highlighting the diversity and complexity of dinosaur life in the past.
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Question 2
The narrator of this passage from a novel is Nasarian, a woman who was born in Kenya and now lives in New York City. (1) Looking at her makes me remember. (2) I can almost feel the heat rising, riding the backs of broken cobblestones, gray and scraped smooth by a ceaseless parade of tired, black, sandaled feet. (3) But that was far away and long ago. (4) Here, this woman peers almost timidly around the curving, splintered wood of the brownstone door, blinking furiously now as the wind and rain whip her face. (5) I stare, and a sudden longing whistles through my mind, dancing around me on each restless gust of cold, wet wind that slams into my chest as I walk down 132nd Street in Harlem. (6) Harlem. (7) So far from my home. (8) So far from the endless Kenyan plains that I still dream about each night. (9) The rain pelts my face, and I shiver as it shimmies down my neck and creeps underneath the thick, scratchy collar of my coat. (10) I cannot stop staring into this woman's face, this African mother draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen. (11) As she descends the stairs, the rain seems to disappear around her. (12) Now that she has committed herself, she does not blink or falter. (13) If anything, the rain has become a tightly woven fruit basket bearing down on the crown of her head, under which her pride demands that she stand erect. (14) The only concession she gives is to pull her head wrap up out of the folds of her long, dark cloak and clutch it tightly underneath her chin. (15) The scarf is a replica of the same gilded hijab my mother wore as a child, long before she became my mother. (16) I know this because it is the outfit that she chooses when she comes to me at night in my dreams. (17) This woman looks nothing like my mother, yet somehow my heart tells me that they are almost exactly the same. (18) She tucks her curling braids underneath the edges of the wrap, attempting to cover the wildness embroidered in her hair. (19) I don't understand why, modesty is no kin to women like her. (20) She cannot help but walk like a mountain's peak through the raunchy streets of Harlem, wearing her continent on the high bridge of her nose, with the valleys curving round like clattering rings into her nostrils. (21) Her exposed heels are lined with the deep furrows of an elephant's trunk. (22) She wears sandals in the November cold, in the hard, trash-swilling rain because the thirsty leather straps remind her of deserts and home (at least that's why I do so).
In context, the statement that the woman is 'draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen' (sentence 10) primarily:
Your Answer: Option(s)
Correct Answer: Option(s) D
Rationale
The woman's attire of being 'draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen' primarily emphasizes how out of place she seems in the surrounding environment.
The description of the woman's clothing creates a stark contrast with the setting of Harlem, especially in the November cold. Her gold and wind-crushed linen attire seems more suited for a warmer climate, suggesting that she is from a different place, hence creating a sense of her being out of place in Harlem.
A) Reveals the narrator's assumptions about the woman's income
The description of the woman's attire does not provide explicit information about her income. Although the woman is described as being draped in gold and linen, these could be metaphorical or literal, and would not necessarily reflect upon her economic status.
B) Explains why the woman might be uncomfortable in the cold weather
While the woman's attire of gold and wind-crushed linen may not be suitable for cold weather, the statement does not primarily serve to explain her discomfort. The woman's discomfort is described elsewhere in the passage where the weather conditions are discussed, not in the description of her attire.
C) Shows how different the woman's clothing is from the narrator's clothing
The description of the woman's attire does not provide any comparison with the narrator's clothing. The focus is on the woman's clothing and its contrast with the environment, not its difference from the narrator's attire.
D) Emphasizes how out of place the woman seems in the surrounding environment
The woman's attire, described as gold and wind-crushed linen, is clearly unusual for the setting of Harlem, especially in the cold November weather. This contrast emphasizes the woman's perceived foreignness and the sense of her being out of place in the environment.
Conclusion
In the context of the passage, the description of the woman being 'draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen' is used primarily to emphasize how out of place she seems in her current environment. The stark contrast between her attire and the surrounding setting underscores her foreignness and the sense of her being a stranger in Harlem.
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Question 3
The narrator of this passage from a novel is Nasarian, a woman who was born in Kenya and now lives in New York City. (1) Looking at her makes me remember. (2) I can almost feel the heat rising, riding the backs of broken cobblestones, gray and scraped smooth by a ceaseless parade of tired, black, sandaled feet. (3) But that was far away and long ago. (4) Here, this woman peers almost timidly around the curving, splintered wood of the brownstone door, blinking furiously now as the wind and rain whip her face. (5) I stare, and a sudden longing whistles through my mind, dancing around me on each restless gust of cold, wet wind that slams into my chest as I walk down 132nd Street in Harlem. (6) Harlem. (7) So far from my home. (8) So far from the endless Kenyan plains that I still dream about each night. (9) The rain pelts my face, and I shiver as it shimmies down my neck and creeps underneath the thick, scratchy collar of my coat. (10) I cannot stop staring into this woman's face, this African mother draped from brow to ankle in gold and wind-crushed linen. (11) As she descends the stairs, the rain seems to disappear around her. (12) Now that she has committed herself, she does not blink or falter. (13) If anything, the rain has become a tightly woven fruit basket bearing down on the crown of her head, under which her pride demands that she stand erect. (14) The only concession she gives is to pull her head wrap up out of the folds of her long, dark cloak and clutch it tightly underneath her chin. (15) The scarf is a replica of the same gilded hijab my mother wore as a child, long before she became my mother. (16) I know this because it is the outfit that she chooses when she comes to me at night in my dreams. (17) This woman looks nothing like my mother, yet somehow my heart tells me that they are almost exactly the same. (18) She tucks her curling braids underneath the edges of the wrap, attempting to cover the wildness embroidered in her hair. (19) I don't understand why, modesty is no kin to women like her. (20) She cannot help but walk like a mountain's peak through the raunchy streets of Harlem, wearing her continent on the high bridge of her nose, with the valleys curving round like clattering rings into her nostrils. (21) Her exposed heels are lined with the deep furrows of an elephant's trunk. (22) She wears sandals in the November cold, in the hard, trash-swilling rain because the thirsty leather straps remind her of deserts and home (at least that's why I do so).
In sentence 13, the narrator most likely uses the image of 'a tightly woven fruit basket' to suggest that the rain is:
Your Answer: Option(s)
Correct Answer: Option(s) A
Rationale
The narrator most likely uses the image of 'a tightly woven fruit basket' in sentence 13 to suggest that the rain is a physical challenge that must be endured.
The comparison of the rain to a tightly woven fruit basket suggests that the rain is unyielding and burdensome, similar to the weight of a full fruit basket. The woman's pride requires her to withstand this burden without faltering, indicating that this is a test of endurance.
A) a physical challenge that must be endured
This is the correct answer. The narrative describes how the woman does not blink or falter under the heavy rain, and her pride demands that she stand erect, even as the rain bears down on her like a weighty, tightly woven fruit basket. The narrator's use of this metaphor emphasizes the physical challenge that the rain presents, requiring the woman's endurance.
B) falling so heavily that she can barely see through it
While the text does suggest that the rain is heavy, it does not specifically state or imply that the rain is obscuring the woman's vision. The comparison to a fruit basket portrays the rain as a weight or burden, not an obstruction to sight.
C) a reminder of the weather in harvest season
There is no contextual evidence to support the idea that the rain is evoking memories of harvest season for the woman. The tightly woven fruit basket metaphor is used to convey the physical challenge of the rain, rather than nostalgic reminiscences.
D) important because it allows crops to survive
While rain is indeed crucial for crop survival, there is no mention or implication of agriculture or crop cultivation in the provided passage. The metaphor of the fruit basket is used to symbolize the weight and challenge of enduring the rain, not its agricultural significance.
Conclusion
The narrator's use of the 'tightly woven fruit basket' metaphor in describing the rain serves to emphasize its role as a physical challenge for the woman to endure, rather than its impact on visibility, its nostalgic associations with harvest season, or its agricultural importance. The woman's resilience in withstanding this burden underlines the theme of endurance prevalent in the passage.
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Question 4
For those of us who wish to preserve the planet’s diversity of species, high-tech, chemically assisted agriculture is an environmentalist’s best friend. That’s right. Soaring growth in human population threatens to destroy most of the world’s remaining rainforests, wetlands, and mountain ecosystems, drastically reducing species diversity. Despite advances in chemical-free farming techniques, overreliance on these practices will result in the plowing down of forests to feed a global population that is estimated to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050. Environmentalists must face the fact that unless high-yield crop varieties, pesticides, and fertilizers are widely used in developing nations, the world’s food supply will be outstripped by spiraling demand. This will mean more forests falling under the plow. I couldn’t agree more that it’s crucial to step up agricultural productivity to feed a spiraling global population. My quarrel is with how to intensify agriculture, not whether it should be intensified. The paramount concern must be to increase crop yields in environmentally sensitive ways that protect human health and the soil and water that are agriculture’s very foundation. Heavy use of agrochemicals can bring high yields in the short run, but the cumulative damages may be considerable. Those of us whose research demonstrates that resource-conserving farming practices can be just as productive as the chemical-intensive kind contend that the goal should be efficient use of chemicals, not wide use.
The final paragraph suggests that seeing the woman has caused the narrator to:
Your Answer: Option(s)
Correct Answer: Option(s) C
Rationale
The final paragraph suggests that seeing the woman has caused the narrator to think about her own feelings about her family and background.
In the passage, Nasarian's observations of the woman brings back memories of her homeland and family, particularly her mother. The woman's appearance and actions lead Nasarian to reflect on her own identity and connection to her Kenyan roots, indicating that the encounter has prompted thoughts about her family and background.
A) Face the negative feelings she has about her new home
While the passage does highlight a contrast between Nasarian's life in New York and her memories of Kenya, there is no clear indication that she has negative feelings about her new home. Her focus is more on her own emotions stirred by seeing the woman, rather than dissatisfaction with her current location.
B) Realize that she misses her mother more than she admits
The narrator certainly thinks of her mother, but the passage does not explicitly suggest that she realizes she misses her mother more than she admits. Rather, she notes the similarities between the woman and her mother, which leads her to reflect on her own feelings about her family and background.
D) Remember the reason she moved away from her home country
The passage does not provide information on why Nasarian moved away from Kenya. While her encounter with the woman prompts her to reflect on her homeland and family, it does not specifically trigger memories of her reasons for leaving.
Conclusion
Seeing the woman in the passage incites Nasarian to contemplate her own feelings about her family and her Kenyan heritage. The woman's actions and appearance serve as a reminder of her mother and her homeland, causing her to reflect on her personal connection to her past. Although the passage references Nasarian's life in New York and her mother in Kenya, it does not explicitly suggest that she harbors negative feelings about her new home or that she misses her mother more than she admits.
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Question 5
For those of us who wish to preserve the planet’s diversity of species, high-tech, chemically assisted agriculture is an environmentalist’s best friend. That’s right. Soaring growth in human population threatens to destroy most of the world’s remaining rainforests, wetlands, and mountain ecosystems, drastically reducing species diversity. Despite advances in chemical-free farming techniques, overreliance on these practices will result in the plowing down of forests to feed a global population that is estimated to reach 9.6 billion people by 2050. Environmentalists must face the fact that unless high-yield crop varieties, pesticides, and fertilizers are widely used in developing nations, the world’s food supply will be outstripped by spiraling demand. This will mean more forests falling under the plow. I couldn’t agree more that it’s crucial to step up agricultural productivity to feed a spiraling global population. My quarrel is with how to intensify agriculture, not whether it should be intensified. The paramount concern must be to increase crop yields in environmentally sensitive ways that protect human health and the soil and water that are agriculture’s very foundation. Heavy use of agrochemicals can bring high yields in the short run, but the cumulative damages may be considerable. Those of us whose research demonstrates that resource-conserving farming practices can be just as productive as the chemical-intensive kind contend that the goal should be efficient use of chemicals, not wide use.
The narrator primarily portrays the woman she is observing as someone who is:
Your Answer: Option(s)
Correct Answer: Option(s) B
Rationale
The woman being observed by the narrator is primarily portrayed as someone who is imposing and dignified.
The narrator describes the woman as moving with a sense of pride and purpose, standing erect and facing the wind and rain without flinching. The woman's actions, appearance, and demeanor are described in a majestic and awe-inspiring manner, which paints a picture of dignity and imposition.
A) Modest and self-effacing
While the woman is described as wearing a head wrap and a long, dark cloak, these clothing choices do not necessarily indicate modesty or self-effacement. The fact that she walks like a mountain's peak and wears her continent on her nose suggests a strong and assertive presence, not a modest or self-effacing one.
B) Imposing and dignified
This is the correct answer. The woman is described as walking like a mountain's peak and wearing her continent on the high bridge of her nose. These metaphors suggest a sense of grandeur and pride. Additionally, the woman's ability to withstand the harsh weather conditions with dignity further emphasizes her imposing and dignified nature.
C) Youthful and energetic
There is no evidence in the text that suggests the woman is youthful or energetic. On the contrary, the woman is described as an 'African mother' and there are references to her enduring harsh weather conditions, which does not necessarily associate with youthfulness or energy.
D) Angry and impatient
The woman is not described as showing any signs of anger or impatience. She is depicted as enduring the harsh weather conditions with dignity and composure, which contradicts the notion of anger or impatience.
Conclusion
The woman observed by the narrator is primarily portrayed as imposing and dignified. This is evident in the descriptions of her physical appearance and demeanor, the metaphors used, and the manner in which she handles the harsh weather conditions. The other options such as being modest and self-effacing, youthful and energetic, or angry and impatient are not adequately supported by the text.
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