Difficulty: Hard

Average Score: 20%

Read the passage(s) below and answer the question on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage(s) and in any introductory material that may be provided.
Passage
During the early development of a new idea, scientists behave rather like artists, driven by temperament. We start off with a hunch, a feeling, even a desire that the world be one way, and then we proceed from that presentiment, often sticking with it long after the data suggest we may be leading ourselves and others down a blind alley. What saves us is that experiment acts as the ultimate referee, settling all disputes. No matter how strong our hunch is, at some point we will have to prove it with facts. Otherwise our hunch, nÐ¾ matter how strongly held, will remain just that.
Adapted from Donald Goldsmith and Marcia Bartusiak, E Einstein. His Life, His Thought, and His Influence on Our Culture ©2006 by The Reference Works, Inc

In the first two sentences , scientists are presented as all of the following EXCEPT

Rationale

Scientists are presented as inherently logical.

The passage describes archaeologists as having traditional views and suggests a debate regarding their interpretations of evidence. However, it does not characterize them as inherently logical, as this implies an absolute rationality that is not necessarily supported by the context presented.

A (predisposed) YOUR ANSWER

The term "predisposed" implies that scientists have existing biases or inclinations that affect their interpretations. The passage discusses traditional beliefs held by archaeologists, indicating that they have a predisposition toward thinking agriculture necessitated settlement.

B (determined) YOUR ANSWER

The use of "determined" suggests that scientists are resolute in their beliefs or conclusions. The passage reflects this when it mentions that some experts reject the idea that farmers cultivated distant fields, indicating a determination to uphold traditional views against new evidence.

C (inherently logical) CORRECT

This option suggests that scientists apply logic in an unquestionable manner. The passage does not support this notion, as it presents scientists as engaging in debate and differing interpretations, which indicates that their reasoning may not always be purely logical or objective.

D (overly zealous) YOUR ANSWER

The term "overly zealous" implies that scientists may be excessively passionate or enthusiastic about their views. While the passage does not explicitly label them as such, the mention of rejection of new findings could imply a level of fervor in adhering to traditional beliefs.

Conclusion

The passage illustrates that scientists, particularly archaeologists, may hold biases and exhibit determination in their interpretations of evidence regarding early agriculture. However, they are not explicitly characterized as inherently logical, which distinguishes this choice from the others. The debate surrounding their views highlights the complexity and evolving nature of scientific understanding rather than portraying a purely rational approach.

In the first two sentences , scientists are presented as all of the following EXCEPT

Scientists are presented as inherently logical.

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