Which of the following was most responsible for implementing absolutist policies in France?

Henry IV laid the groundwork for absolutism by issuing the Edict of Nantes, which granted religious tolerance and sought to stabilize France. However, his reign was cut short before he could fully implement absolutist policies, making him less directly responsible than Richelieu.

Champlain was a prominent explorer and the founder of Quebec, known for his role in establishing French colonies in North America. His contributions were significant for France's overseas expansion but did not directly influence the implementation of absolutist policies within the French government.

Calvin was a theologian whose ideas influenced the Protestant Reformation, particularly in Geneva. While his teachings impacted religious thought in France, his role was not political and did not directly contribute to the establishment of absolutist policies in the French monarchy.

Bodin was a political theorist known for his ideas on sovereignty, advocating for a strong central authority. While his theories supported the concept of absolutism, his influence was more theoretical and did not result in the direct implementation of policies as seen with Richelieu.