Difficulty: Medium

Average Score: 50%

Which comparison of DNA and RNA is correct?

Rationale

DNA stores hereditary information; RNA is used to make proteins.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information, while RNA (ribonucleic acid) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis, serving as a messenger and a template for translating genetic instructions into proteins.

A (DNA stores hereditary information; RNA is used to make proteins.) CORRECT

This statement accurately reflects the primary functions of DNA and RNA. DNA contains the genetic blueprint necessary for the development and functioning of living organisms, while RNA is vital in the process of translating that genetic information into proteins, which perform various roles in the cell.

B (DNA uses the base uracil; RNA uses the base thymine.) YOUR ANSWER

This choice is incorrect because, in fact, RNA contains uracil as one of its nitrogenous bases, while DNA contains thymine. This distinction is significant in nucleic acid structure, as DNA and RNA utilize different bases for their respective functions.

C (DNA is single stranded; RNA is double stranded.) YOUR ANSWER

This statement is also false. DNA is typically double-stranded, forming a double helix structure, whereas RNA is usually single-stranded. This structural difference is important for their respective roles in genetic information storage and protein synthesis.

D (DNA is a monomer; RNA is a polymer.) YOUR ANSWER

This option is misleading. While RNA is a polymer made up of ribonucleotide monomers, DNA itself is also a polymer composed of deoxyribonucleotide monomers. Therefore, both are polymers, making this comparison inaccurate.

Conclusion

Understanding the differences and functions of DNA and RNA is fundamental in molecular biology. DNA serves as the repository of genetic information, while RNA is integral to the process of translating that information into functional proteins. Recognizing these roles clarifies the essential contributions of each type of nucleic acid to cellular function and organismal development.

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