The Grange movement among farmers in the late 1800s focused on which of the following?

While rural electrification became a significant focus later in the 20th century, during the Grange movement in the late 1800s, the primary concern was not related to electricity but rather the economic hardships faced by farmers due to railroad monopolies. The movement predates the widespread push for rural electrification.

The boll weevil crisis affected cotton farmers, particularly in the Southern states, but the Grange movement was not specifically focused on pest control or agricultural diseases. Instead, it centered on economic justice and cooperative organization against railroads, making this choice irrelevant to the movement's core objectives.

The Grange did not primarily advocate for tariffs. Their focus was on reforming agricultural practices and addressing the issues caused by monopolies rather than economic isolationism through tariffs. It was more about cooperative action than protectionist policies.

Soil conservation is indeed an important agricultural issue, but the Grange movement's immediate concerns revolved around economic issues, particularly those related to railroads and market access. While conservation might have been a topic of interest, it was not the primary focus of the Grange's activism.