Marcus Garvey is most closely associated with which of the following movements?

The Black Power movement emerged in the 1960s, well after Garvey’s time, and emphasized racial pride, economic empowerment, and self-defense. While Garvey’s ideas laid groundwork for later movements, he is not directly associated with the Black Power ideology, which had different historical contexts and goals.

Desegregation refers to the process of ending the separation of different racial groups in public spaces, primarily associated with the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Marcus Garvey's focus was not on desegregation but rather on the establishment of a separate, empowered identity for black individuals, making this choice inconsistent with his core beliefs.

Accommodationism is a philosophy that advocated for African Americans to accept segregation and work within the system to achieve civil rights, notably associated with figures like Booker T. Washington. Garvey opposed this approach, instead promoting black nationalism and self-reliance, thus distancing himself from accommodationist strategies.

Nonviolent passive resistance, as championed by leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and later Martin Luther King Jr., focuses on peaceful protests to achieve social and political change. Garvey’s approach was more militant and nationalistic, emphasizing self-determination and pride rather than nonviolent methods.