Josh, a thirty-year-old, has recently begun having trouble controlling his muscle movements, particularly when he tries to chew or swallow. He has also experienced random, uncontrollable muscle spasms. With which of the following genetic disorders would Josh most likely be diagnosed?

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect that occurs during embryonic development, leading to varying degrees of disability affecting the spinal cord and surrounding areas. Symptoms typically include physical impairments related to mobility and sensation, but it does not cause the involuntary muscle movements or spasms observed in Josh’s case.

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in the destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, primarily affecting infants and young children. While it involves neurological decline, the symptoms manifest primarily as developmental delays and neurological deterioration rather than the muscle control issues experienced by Josh.

Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells. This condition primarily causes pain episodes and anemia but does not lead to the motor control difficulties or muscle spasms that Josh is experiencing.

Fragile X syndrome is a genetic condition that leads to intellectual disability and behavioral challenges, often accompanied by anxiety and hyperactivity. While it involves cognitive and emotional symptoms, it does not typically present with the motor control problems and spasms observed in Josh.