All of the following sixteenth- and seventeenth-century English monarchs were Protestant EXCEPT
Mary I was the only Catholic among the listed monarchs.
Mary I, also known as Mary Tudor, reigned from 1553 to 1558 and is historically noted for her efforts to restore Roman Catholicism in England after the Protestant Reformation initiated by her father, Henry VIII. In contrast, Elizabeth I, James I, and William III were all Protestant monarchs who supported the Anglican Church or Protestantism during their reigns.
Elizabeth I was a staunch supporter of the Protestant faith and played a crucial role in establishing the Protestant Church of England. Her reign marked the consolidation of Protestantism, and she enacted the Elizabethan Religious Settlement, which sought to unify the Church of England and reinforce its Protestant foundations.
James I, who ruled from 1603 to 1625, was also a Protestant monarch. He succeeded Elizabeth I and continued her policies, promoting the Anglican Church and commissioning the King James Version of the Bible, which further solidified Protestant influences in England.
William III, who reigned from 1689 to 1702, was a Protestant and a key figure in the Glorious Revolution. He came to the English throne in part to secure Protestantism against Catholic threats, particularly the reign of James II, and his leadership reinforced Protestantism in England.
In summary, Mary I stands out as the only Catholic monarch among the choices provided, as she actively sought to reverse the Protestant reforms in England. Elizabeth I, James I, and William III were all notable Protestant figures who contributed to the establishment and defense of Protestantism during their respective reigns, highlighting the religious conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
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