Which tools are used for the employee-relations functions of human resource management (HRM)?

Training and development programs primarily focus on enhancing the skills and competencies of employees rather than directly addressing employee relations. While they contribute to employee satisfaction and engagement, they do not specifically target the relational aspects between employees and management.

Benefits and rewards are important for motivating employees and enhancing job satisfaction. However, they do not inherently facilitate the communication or relationship-building necessary for effective employee relations. They are more about compensation and incentives than addressing employee concerns or fostering dialogue.

Performance goals and principles are used to guide employee performance and align it with organizational objectives. While they play a role in performance management, they do not directly relate to the functions of employee relations, which focus more on engagement and communication rather than just performance metrics.