Which of the following tests is designed to compare student performance to that of other students in similar groups?

Criterion-referenced tests assess a student's performance against predefined criteria or learning standards rather than comparing them to other students. These tests measure mastery of specific knowledge or skills, focusing on whether a student has achieved a particular level of understanding rather than how they perform relative to their peers.

Formative assessments are ongoing evaluations used to monitor student learning and provide feedback during the learning process. They aim to inform instruction and improve student performance, but they do not compare students to one another. Instead, they focus on individual progress and understanding of the material.

Portfolio assessments involve the collection of a student’s work over time, showcasing their learning progress and achievements. While they provide a comprehensive view of a student's capabilities, they do not serve to compare performance against other students, but rather reflect personal growth and individual learning outcomes.