Difficulty: Hard

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Which of the following was true of many African Americans during the Second World War?

Rationale

Phyllis Schlafly would most likely have agreed with the argument in the excerpt.

Phyllis Schlafly was a prominent conservative activist known for her opposition to the feminist movement and her advocacy for traditional gender roles. Her views align with arguments that emphasize preserving traditional family structures and resisting changes that challenge these norms.

A (They won lawsuits contesting separate schools for African American students, leading to the desegregation of public education.) YOUR ANSWER

Shirley Chisholm was a pioneering African American politician and feminist who advocated for social justice and equality. Her beliefs in empowering women and fighting against systemic oppression contrast sharply with Schlafly's conservative views, making her alignment with the argument in the excerpt unlikely.

B (They successfully lobbied President Truman to issue an executive order desegregating the armed forces.) YOUR ANSWER

Angela Davis is known for her activism in civil rights and feminist movements, particularly in advocating for intersectionality and social justice. Her radical views and commitment to gender and racial equality would not support the traditionalist stance likely presented in the excerpt.

C (They found new economic opportunities working in industrial jobs and serving in the military.) CORRECT

Betty Friedan was a key figure in the feminist movement, particularly known for her book "The Feminine Mystique," which challenged traditional views of women's roles in society. Friedan's advocacy for women's liberation directly opposes Schlafly's conservative ideology, making her agreement with the excerpt improbable.

D (They established new middle-class communities in the suburbs.) YOUR ANSWER

As a conservative activist, Phyllis Schlafly argued against the Equal Rights Amendment and promoted traditional family values. Her beliefs strongly align with the argument in the excerpt that likely supports maintaining traditional gender roles and resisting feminist movements that seek to alter societal norms.

E (They increasingly embraced separatist ideologies of Black Power.) YOUR ANSWER

Gloria Steinem is a leading feminist figure and advocate for women's rights, known for her progressive views and activism for equality. Her beliefs fundamentally oppose the traditionalist perspectives that Schlafly espoused, making her agreement with the excerpt highly unlikely.

Conclusion

The question centers around identifying an activist who would align with the argument in the given excerpt. Phyllis Schlafly stands out as the only choice that represents a conservative viewpoint advocating for traditional gender roles, in stark contrast to the progressive ideologies of the other activists listed. Understanding these differing perspectives is crucial for analyzing debates surrounding women's rights and gender equality.

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