Which European government first introduced large-scale plantation agriculture to the New World?

While England did later develop plantation agriculture, particularly in the Caribbean, it was not the pioneer in this practice. The English plantations emerged in the 17th century, well after Spain had already established its agricultural systems in the New World during the late 15th and early 16th centuries.

France also engaged in plantation agriculture, especially in the Caribbean, but this occurred after Spain had already set the precedent. French plantations primarily developed in the 17th century, focusing on crops like sugar and coffee but were not the first to introduce these systems in the New World.

Venice was primarily a maritime power and did not establish colonies in the New World or engage in plantation agriculture. Its economic focus was on trade and commerce in the Mediterranean and beyond, rather than agricultural development in the Americas.

The Netherlands became involved in plantation agriculture later, particularly in the 17th century. Although they established colonies and plantations, they were not the first to implement such systems in the New World, as both Spain and Portugal had already laid the groundwork.