Which culture's alphabet was the forerunner of the Greek and Roman alphabets?

The Egyptian writing system, particularly hieroglyphics, is a complex system that includes logograms and phonetic symbols. While it influenced many cultures, including the Greeks, it is not an alphabet in the same sense as the Phoenician system. Egyptian hieroglyphics do not have the same direct lineage to the Greek and Roman alphabets.

The Viking culture, associated primarily with Norse mythology and society, utilized runes for writing. Runes, while interesting and historically significant, do not have a direct connection to the Greek and Roman alphabets and were not a precursor to these writing systems.

The Mesopotamian writing systems, such as cuneiform, are among the earliest forms of writing but are not considered alphabets. These systems were primarily logographic and syllabic, and while they influenced many writing systems, they do not connect to the Greek and Roman alphabets in the same manner as the Phoenician alphabet.