What is the major element that needs to be implemented in total quality management?

While hiring and firing are important human resource activities, they do not directly contribute to the essence of total quality management (TQM). TQM focuses on process improvement and quality control rather than personnel decisions. Therefore, this choice does not capture the core elements necessary for effective quality management.

Services are a component of what organizations may deliver, but they alone do not encompass the comprehensive framework of TQM. TQM is more about the processes and controls in place to ensure quality, regardless of whether the end product is a service or a tangible good. Thus, services are not the primary focus of TQM implementation.

Similar to services, products are an output of organizational processes but do not represent the fundamental aspect of TQM. The focus of TQM is on improving processes and controls that affect the quality of products, rather than the products themselves. Therefore, this option does not directly address the major element necessary for TQM.