Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers . . . . The Senate . . . shall be composed of two Senators from each State. The excerpt shown is from which of the following?

The New Jersey Plan proposed a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, regardless of population size. This plan was aimed at ensuring smaller states had an equal voice, contrasting with the excerpt's reference to proportional representation and the Senate structure outlined in the Constitution.

The Declaration of Independence primarily addresses the colonies' break from British rule and outlines the philosophical justification for this separation. It does not discuss the structure of government or representation, making it irrelevant to the excerpt in question.

The Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document of the United States but lacked a strong federal structure for representation. They established a loose confederation of states with limited powers, thus failing to provide the bicameral representation described in the excerpt.

The Virginia Plan proposed a strong national government with representation based on state population, which influenced the U.S. Constitution. However, it did not specifically establish the Senate's composition of two Senators from each state, as stated in the excerpt.