Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include which of the following?

Disorganized behaviors are categorized as positive symptoms, which reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions. They include erratic or unpredictable actions that do not align with typical behavior, contrasting with the absence of responses seen in negative symptoms.

Disorganized speech patterns also fall under positive symptoms, manifesting as incoherent or nonsensical speech. This symptom indicates an excess of thought disturbances rather than a lack of abilities or traits, which is the hallmark of negative symptoms.

Delusions are defined as false beliefs held despite contradictory evidence and are considered positive symptoms. They represent an overactivity of thought processes rather than a reduction in emotional response, distinguishing them from negative symptoms.

Hallucinations, which involve perceiving things that are not present, are classified as positive symptoms. They indicate an excess of sensory experiences rather than a deficiency in emotional expression, further separating them from negative symptoms.