List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an anion with a negative 3 charge if the neutral atom has an atomic number of 15 and mass of 31.
15 protons, 16 neutrons, 18 electrons.
An anion with a negative 3 charge has gained three additional electrons compared to its neutral state. Given that the neutral atom has an atomic number of 15, it contains 15 protons, which determine its identity as phosphorus. With a mass number of 31, the atom has 16 neutrons, calculated as 31 (mass number) - 15 (protons).
This choice incorrectly states the number of protons as 12. The atomic number, which defines the number of protons in an element, is 15 for phosphorus. Therefore, this option fails to accurately represent the identity of the atom.
This option correctly identifies the charged state of the anion. With 15 protons and 16 neutrons, the atomic composition matches that of phosphorus, and the addition of 3 electrons due to the negative charge results in a total of 18 electrons, accurately reflecting the nature of the anion.
While this choice correctly states the number of protons and neutrons, it fails to account for the negative 3 charge of the anion. A neutral atom with 15 protons would have an equal number of electrons (15), but since this atom is an anion, it should have gained additional electrons, making this option incorrect.
This option also correctly identifies the number of protons and neutrons but incorrectly states the electron count. A negative charge indicates that the atom has gained electrons, not lost them. Thus, 12 electrons would not represent the correct total for a negative 3 charged anion.
The anion with a negative 3 charge derived from a neutral atom with an atomic number of 15 and a mass of 31 contains 15 protons, 16 neutrons, and 18 electrons. The correct identification of protons and neutrons confirms the elemental identity, while the additional electrons due to the negative charge complete the accurate description of the anionic state. Understanding these relationships is crucial for distinguishing between neutral atoms and their charged counterparts.
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