Difficulty: Hard

Average Score: 41%

Which of the following statements correctly describes a solution with a pH of 10?

Rationale

The solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-10 M.

A solution with a pH of 10 indicates that it is basic, and the hydrogen ion concentration can be calculated using the formula [H⁺] = 10^(-pH). Therefore, [H⁺] = 10^(-10) M, confirming that this statement accurately describes the solution.

A (The solution has a hydroxide ion concentration of 10^-4 M.) YOUR ANSWER

This statement is incorrect because the concentration of hydroxide ions, calculated from the pH, would actually be [OH⁻] = 10^(-14) / [H⁺] = 10^(-14) / 10^(-10) = 10^(-4) M, which is true for a pH of 10. However, it does not directly describe the solution in terms of hydrogen ion concentration, making it less relevant.

B (The solution is neutral.) YOUR ANSWER

A pH of 10 signifies that the solution is basic, not neutral. Neutral solutions have a pH of 7, where the concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions are equal. Therefore, this choice does not accurately reflect the nature of the solution.

C (The solution is a weak acid.) YOUR ANSWER

This statement is incorrect, as a weak acid would typically have a pH less than 7. A pH of 10 indicates a basic solution, meaning it cannot be classified as a weak acid. This option fundamentally misrepresents the characteristics of the solution.

Conclusion

In summary, a solution with a pH of 10 has a hydrogen ion concentration of 10^-10 M, which is the defining characteristic of its basicity. The other options either misrepresent the nature of the solution or fail to provide accurate descriptions concerning its pH level. Understanding pH is essential for applications in chemistry and biology, as it directly influences chemical reactivity and biological processes.

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