Fed decreases federal funds target: short-run effect:
AD shifts right.
When the Federal Reserve decreases the federal funds target, it effectively lowers interest rates, encouraging borrowing and increasing spending. This increase in aggregate demand (AD) leads to a rightward shift in the AD curve in the short run, promoting economic growth.
The short-run Phillips curve illustrates the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment, not the direct effects of a change in the federal funds target. A decrease in the federal funds rate generally leads to lower unemployment, which may shift the Phillips curve in the short run, but this is not the immediate effect of the policy change itself.
This choice accurately reflects the immediate short-run effect of a decrease in the federal funds target. Lower interest rates stimulate consumer and business spending, thereby increasing aggregate demand. The resulting rightward shift in the AD curve leads to higher output and potentially higher price levels, consistent with economic theory.
A decrease in the federal funds target is expected to lower, not increase, the nominal interest rates. This is contrary to the fundamental principles of monetary policy, which state that a reduction in the target rate aims to stimulate the economy through lower borrowing costs.
Typically, a decrease in the federal funds rate leads to a depreciation of the dollar, as lower interest rates make it less attractive for foreign investors. An appreciating dollar would result from higher interest rates, which is opposite to the expected outcome of a decrease in the federal funds target.
In summary, a decrease in the federal funds target by the Fed results in a rightward shift of the aggregate demand curve in the short run due to increased borrowing and spending. The other choices incorrectly represent the relationship between interest rates, inflation, and the value of the dollar, highlighting the importance of understanding monetary policy's immediate effects on the economy.
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