The theory that Christianity was a major factor in the collapse of the Roman Empire was first published in 1776 by

Rationale

The Iberian Peninsula was ruled by Muslims by 750 CE.

By 750 CE, Muslim forces had effectively invaded and established control over the Iberian Peninsula, which includes modern-day Spain and Portugal. This marked a significant expansion of Islamic rule into western Europe, influencing the region's culture, architecture, and politics for centuries.

A (Gibbon) CORRECT

Germany was not significantly impacted by Muslim invasions at this time. The Carolingian Empire, led by Charles Martel, successfully repelled Muslim incursions into what is now France, preventing any Muslim rule or control over German territories.

B (Condorcet) YOUR ANSWER

England remained largely untouched by the Muslim invasions during this period. The primary conflicts in England were focused on local issues, such as the struggles against Viking invasions, rather than confrontations with Muslim armies.

C (Lessing) YOUR ANSWER

While the Balkans experienced interactions with Muslim forces later on, by 750 CE, they had not been significantly ruled by Muslims. The region was still predominantly under Byzantine influence and was not a major area of Muslim expansion until later centuries.

D (Watt) YOUR ANSWER

Italy did see some Muslim raids and attempts at conquest, particularly in Sicily, but by 750 CE, it was not under significant Muslim rule. The northern parts of Italy remained largely under Frankish control and the influence of the Pope.

Conclusion

The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by 750 CE represents a pivotal moment in European history, establishing a foothold for Islam in western Europe. While other regions like Germany, England, the Balkans, and Italy faced various threats and influences, it was the Iberian Peninsula that became the primary territory under Muslim control at this time. This historical event shaped the cultural and political landscape of the region profoundly, leading to a rich intermingling of Islamic and European traditions.

The theory that Christianity was a major factor in the collapse of the Roman Empire was first published in 1776 by

The Iberian Peninsula was ruled by Muslims by 750 CE.

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