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According to Article III of the Constitution, the judicial power of the United States shall be vested in

Rationale

One Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the Congress may establish.

Article III of the Constitution explicitly states that the judicial power of the United States is vested in one Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Congress may establish. This establishes the framework for the federal judiciary, allowing Congress to create lower courts to support the Supreme Court's functions.

A (one Supreme Court) YOUR ANSWER

While Article III does mention one Supreme Court, it fails to address the need for inferior courts. This option is incomplete as it omits the essential role of Congress in establishing additional courts to handle various cases within the federal system.

B (one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the president may establish) YOUR ANSWER

This choice inaccurately attributes the power to establish inferior courts to the president. The Constitution grants this authority solely to Congress, making this option incorrect as it misrepresents the separation of powers outlined in the document.

C (one Supreme Court and all the state supreme courts) YOUR ANSWER

This option conflates federal and state judicial systems. Article III does not grant the federal government authority over state supreme courts, which operate independently within their jurisdictions. Therefore, this choice does not accurately reflect the constitutional provisions regarding federal judicial power.

E (one Supreme Court and such inferior courts as the chief justice recommends) YOUR ANSWER

This choice incorrectly suggests that the chief justice has the authority to recommend the establishment of inferior courts. The Constitution delegates this power solely to Congress, making this option misleading regarding the roles and responsibilities within the judicial system.

Conclusion

The judicial power of the United States, as outlined in Article III of the Constitution, is vested in one Supreme Court and inferior courts established by Congress. This structure ensures a comprehensive federal court system while preserving the balance of power among the branches of government. The incorrect options fail to recognize the specific roles assigned to Congress and misinterpret the relationship between federal and state courts.

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