A gene contains the sequence CGGCATACGGTACT that results in the amino acid sequence arg-ile-arg-tyr. A mutation in this gene removes the first G in the strand. What is true of this mutation's effect on the phenotype?
It will affect the phenotype because all the amino acids past this point will be different from the original protein.
The removal of the first G in the gene sequence results in a frameshift mutation, which alters the reading frame of the entire sequence downstream. This change leads to a completely different set of codons being read, thus producing a different amino acid sequence and ultimately affecting the phenotype.
This choice is incorrect because the mutation leads to a frameshift that changes the entire downstream amino acid sequence. Therefore, the resulting protein will not be identical to the original protein, and the phenotype will be affected.
This is the correct answer. The mutation introduces a frameshift, shifting the reading frame of the codons. As a result, every amino acid following the mutation will differ from those in the original protein, leading to substantial changes in the protein's structure and function.
This choice is misleading because while the first amino acid is indeed different, the frameshift mutation affects the entire sequence that follows it. Thus, multiple amino acids will differ, significantly impacting the protein and its phenotype.
This statement is incorrect because the frameshift mutation alters the entire sequence after the mutation point, leading to a different protein structure. Therefore, it is not just the first amino acid that is different; all subsequent amino acids will also change.
Frameshift mutations, such as the one described, have profound effects on the resulting protein by altering the reading frame of the genetic code. In this case, the mutation leads to an entirely different amino acid sequence after the mutation point, which impacts the function and phenotype of the organism. Understanding the consequences of mutations is crucial in genetics, as even a single nucleotide change can lead to significant biological differences.
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