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The sea slithers with fearsome predators, such as the starfish. Once a mussel is embraced by a starfish, for example, it is lost. Starfish use hydraulics instead of muscles, and in a tug-of-war they never tire. The starfish can drag open any shell and, as soon as the shell gapes, the starfish throws out its stomach like a white shroud and swallows the victim whole.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

It is not often that knowledge of an artist's life sheds any significant light on his work, but in the case of Alexander Pope it does. Most of his poems are 'occasional'—that is, they are concerned with Pope's political and literary friends and enemies, so that without some knowledge about them we cannot properly understand what he wrote and why. Such knowledge, needless to say, does not explain why he wrote so well.

With respect to Pope, the passage is most concerned with

The graph shows the population in the United States of small, medium, and large pet dogs from 1999 to 2013. Assuming that all dogs fit into one of these categories and that each dog fits in only one category, which of the following statements about the population of pet dogs during this time period is supported by the data in the graph?

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Music fans are an opinionated and contentious bunch, even when it comes to works almost universally admired as classics. Not all fans share a high opinion of the Beatles’ Line opus Sgt. Pepper, for example. To some rock aficionados it is an uneven, self-indulgent, and overproduced album. Miles Davis’ jazz classic Kind of Blue (1959) distances itself from this company by having few notable detractors. We can always depend on some critics to miss the boat when it first sets out, however. As a result, some early reviews of the album described Miles’ playing as 'morose' and 'maudlin,' even though most viewers immediately recognized Kind of Blue as a modern masterpiece. In recent years little has been heard to the contrary.

Which of the following best describes the view of the author of the passage of 'some early reviews' (lines 9 - 10)?

Music fans are an opinionated and contentious bunch, even when it comes to works almost universally admired as classics. Not all fans share a high opinion of the Beatles’ Line opus Sgt. Pepper, for example. To some rock aficionados it is an uneven, self-indulgent, and overproduced album. Miles Davis’ jazz classic Kind of Blue (1959) distances itself from this company by having few notable detractors. We can always depend on some critics to miss the boat when it first sets out, however. As a result, some early reviews of the album described Miles’ playing as 'morose' and 'maudlin,' even though most viewers immediately recognized Kind of Blue as a modern masterpiece. In recent years little has been heard to the contrary.

The second paragraph is primarily concerned with