Which type of investigation is the scientist using?
The scientist is using a controlled experiment.
In this investigation, the scientist systematically varies the speed of flowing water while observing the effects on the size of sediment particles carried away. By manipulating one variable (water speed) and measuring the outcome (particle size), the scientist ensures that other factors remain constant, which is the hallmark of a controlled experiment.
An observational study involves observing subjects in a natural setting without manipulation of variables. In this case, the scientist actively varies the speed of the water, which is not characteristic of an observational study. Thus, this choice does not apply to the experimental design described.
The scientist sets up a controlled experiment by changing the speed of the water flow while keeping other conditions constant to measure the effect on sediment size. This method allows for direct cause-and-effect conclusions, making it the correct choice for the investigation described.
A computational model uses simulations or algorithms to predict outcomes based on theoretical constructs or data. In this scenario, the scientist is conducting a physical experiment rather than relying on computer simulations, making this choice incorrect.
A field study typically involves research conducted in real-world settings without controlled conditions. Since the scientist is manipulating variables in a controlled setup, this investigation does not fit the definition of a field study.
The investigation by the scientist exemplifies a controlled experiment where specific variables are manipulated to observe their effects on sediment particle size. By focusing on the speed of water flow while controlling other factors, the scientist can draw reliable conclusions about the relationship between water speed and sediment transport, which distinguishes this type of investigation from observational studies, computational models, and field studies.
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