Difficulty: Easy

Average Score: 75%

Which situation would be considered ethical in a society where cultural norms are relationship based but unethical under universalist norms?

Rationale

A business awards a contract based only on the owner’s friendship with the other business owner.

In a relationship-based cultural norm, personal connections and friendships can significantly influence business decisions, making this practice acceptable. However, under universalist ethical norms, which prioritize fairness and equality, this situation would be considered unethical as it lacks transparency and fairness in the selection process.

A (A business awards a contract based only on the owner’s friendship with the other business owner.) CORRECT

This situation reflects a practice common in relationship-oriented cultures where personal ties are valued. While it may be seen as ethical within that cultural context, it contradicts universalist norms, which advocate for merit-based decision-making and equality, thus rendering it unethical in a broader context.

B (An employee decides not to report serious account discrepancies implicating a more senior manager.) YOUR ANSWER

This choice is generally considered unethical across both relationship-based and universalist norms. Failing to report serious discrepancies undermines accountability and integrity, violating ethical standards that prioritize honesty and transparency in all business practices, regardless of cultural context.

C (An employee complains about abusive behavior by a manager.) YOUR ANSWER

Reporting abusive behavior is typically viewed as ethical in any societal norm. This action promotes accountability and protects the rights of employees, aligning with universalist principles of respect and fairness. Thus, it does not fit the criteria of being ethical in one context but unethical in another.

D (A job seeker misrepresents his experience in order to be considered for a job) YOUR ANSWER

This action is universally regarded as unethical, as it involves dishonesty and deception. Misrepresentation undermines the trust necessary for professional relationships and violates ethical principles across all cultural frameworks, making it unacceptable in both relationship-based and universalist norms.

Conclusion

In societies with relationship-based norms, practices such as awarding contracts based on personal connections may be deemed ethical due to the emphasis on interpersonal relationships. However, under universalist ethical standards, such practices are seen as unfair and unethical. Recognizing the differences between these ethical frameworks is crucial for navigating complex interpersonal and professional dynamics effectively.

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