Which pair of items are common intentional online threats?

Ethics and cost are not related to intentional online threats. Ethics refers to moral principles governing behavior, while cost pertains to financial implications. Neither of these concepts involves malicious actions or software, making them irrelevant in the context of online threats.

While hackers can be a source of intentional online threats, they are not a pair of items as the question specifies. Viruses are indeed malicious programs, but they can be created by various sources, including hackers, making this option less accurate as it doesn’t represent two distinct types of threats.

Downtime and uptime refer to the operational status of systems and networks, not intentional threats. Downtime indicates when systems are not operational, while uptime signifies their functioning status. These terms do not involve any malicious intent or software, thus making them unrelated to the question.