Difficulty: Hard

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The following passage was shared with a sixth-grade ELA class.Scientists are only now starting to understand the long history of dogs. One thing is certain, though: every dog has the same ancestor, the gray wolf. The change occurred gradually over thousands of years. Scientists speculate that the first dog appeared between 15,000 and 38,000 years ago.

Which of the following skills best shows that a student is in the consolidated alphabetic stage of word reading?

Rationale

Substituting the letter 'c' for the letter 'h' in the word 'hat' demonstrates skills in the consolidated alphabetic stage of word reading.

This choice indicates a developing understanding of letter-sound relationships, where the student begins to manipulate sounds within words, a key characteristic of the consolidated alphabetic stage.

A (Substituting the letter 'c' for the letter 'h' in the word 'hat') CORRECT

This choice reflects a student's ability to recognize and manipulate letters and their corresponding sounds, indicating progression in their reading development. The ability to substitute letters demonstrates an understanding of phonemic awareness and how different letters can create different sounds, which is central to the consolidated alphabetic stage.

B (Recognizing a familiar logo and saying the name of the product) YOUR ANSWER

While this choice shows some level of literacy, it primarily reflects visual recognition rather than phonetic skills. Recognizing logos relies on memorization and visual memory rather than the manipulation of sounds in words, which is crucial for the consolidated alphabetic stage.

C (Stating that the word 'dog' begins with the 'd' sound) YOUR ANSWER

This demonstrates awareness of beginning sounds, but it does not indicate the manipulation of letters or sounds. It shows a basic understanding of phonemic awareness but falls short of the more advanced skills required in the consolidated alphabetic stage, where students should begin to blend and segment sounds.

D (Breaking the word 'cat' into phonemes: c-a-t) YOUR ANSWER

This choice highlights an understanding of phonemic segmentation, which is a strong indicator of reading development. However, it does not demonstrate the same level of letter manipulation seen in option A. Consolidated alphabetic readers are expected to recognize and manipulate sounds within words, making option A more representative of this stage.

Conclusion

The consolidated alphabetic stage of word reading is characterized by students' abilities to manipulate sounds and letters within words. Among the choices, substituting letters best illustrates this skill, as it shows an active engagement with phonemes and their relationships in words. Recognizing logos, identifying initial sounds, and segmenting phonemes, while important, do not fully encapsulate the letter manipulation that defines this developmental stage.

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