Which of the following principles or practices was established in Marbury v. Madison?

Rationale

Judicial review was established in Marbury v. Madison.

The landmark Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review, which allows the judiciary to invalidate laws and actions that are found to be unconstitutional. This decision fundamentally shaped the balance of power within the U.S. government by affirming the role of the courts in interpreting the Constitution.

A (judicial review) CORRECT

This is the correct answer as Marbury v. Madison explicitly established the authority of the Supreme Court to review and nullify laws that conflict with the Constitution. Chief Justice John Marshall's ruling confirmed that it is the duty of the judiciary to interpret the law and ensure that no law or executive action can stand if it violates constitutional principles.

B (executive orders) YOUR ANSWER

Executive orders are directives issued by the President to manage the operations of the federal government. While significant in their own right, executive orders did not originate from the decision in Marbury v. Madison, which specifically addressed the role of the judiciary rather than executive power.

C (legislative supremacy) YOUR ANSWER

Legislative supremacy refers to the idea that the legislative branch has the ultimate authority in law-making. However, Marbury v. Madison established that the judiciary has the power to override legislative actions if they are found to be unconstitutional, thereby limiting legislative supremacy.

D (presidential succession) YOUR ANSWER

Presidential succession pertains to the process of determining who assumes the presidency in the event of vacancy. This principle is governed by laws such as the Presidential Succession Act, but it has no connection to the judicial principles established in Marbury v. Madison.

Conclusion

Marbury v. Madison is a cornerstone case in U.S. legal history that established judicial review, fundamentally altering the relationship between the branches of government. While executive orders, legislative supremacy, and presidential succession are important concepts, they are not directly linked to the ruling of this pivotal case, which confirmed the judiciary's role as a check on legislative and executive powers.