Which of the following is a one-way function that provides assurance of data integrity?

Salting is a technique used in cryptography to add random data to input before hashing, primarily to safeguard against dictionary attacks and rainbow table vulnerabilities. While salting enhances the security of hashed data, its primary purpose lies in preventing precomputed attacks rather than ensuring one-way data integrity.

Segmentation involves dividing data into smaller segments for various purposes such as organization, analysis, or transmission. While segmentation may aid in managing data efficiently, it does not inherently provide assurance of data integrity like a one-way function such as hashing.

Tokenization replaces sensitive data with unique tokens that hold no intrinsic value, allowing secure data transmission and storage without exposing confidential information. However, tokenization does not inherently guarantee data integrity in the same manner as hashing, as its primary focus lies in protecting sensitive data rather than ensuring the integrity of the stored or transmitted information.