A software developer wishes to implement an application security technique that will provide assurance of the application's integrity, Which of the following techniques will achieve this?

Secure cookies are used to protect data transmitted between a web server and a browser, ensuring that cookies cannot be accessed by malicious actors. While they enhance security during data transmission, they do not provide assurance regarding the integrity of the application itself, as they focus on session management rather than code validation.

Input validation is a technique used to verify that user input is safe and conforms to expected formats, thereby preventing attacks such as SQL injection or cross-site scripting (XSS). Although it is crucial for securing applications against certain vulnerabilities, it does not address the integrity of the application code itself.

Static analysis involves examining code without executing it to find potential vulnerabilities or coding errors. While this technique can help improve code quality and security, it does not provide assurance of the application's integrity after deployment, as it does not involve any verification mechanism like code signing does.