Difficulty: Easy

Average Score: 100%

Which accurately describes a chromosomal alteration?

Rationale

Turner’s syndrome is a disorder in which a female has a completely or partially missing X chromosome.

Turner’s syndrome is a specific chromosomal alteration characterized by the absence of all or part of one of the two X chromosomes in females, leading to various developmental and physiological issues. This condition exemplifies how chromosomal alterations can directly impact an individual's health and development.

A (Type 2 DM (T2DM) is caused by family history, behavior, and other factors.) YOUR ANSWER

This statement describes Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a complex condition influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors, but it does not pertain to chromosomal alterations. T2DM can arise from a combination of environmental and genetic predispositions rather than structural changes in chromosomes.

C (Y chromosome as hemophilia is associated with the X chromosome.) YOUR ANSWER

While hemophilia is indeed linked to the X chromosome, this option inaccurately implies that the Y chromosome plays a direct role in the condition. Hemophilia primarily affects males who inherit the recessive gene on the X chromosome, making this choice misleading regarding chromosomal alterations.

D (Hypertension is always linked to the Y chromosome and environmental factors.) YOUR ANSWER

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is influenced by a variety of factors, including lifestyle and environmental conditions, but it is not inherently a chromosomal alteration. This statement incorrectly associates hypertension with the Y chromosome as a defining characteristic, which does not accurately reflect the nature of chromosomal abnormalities.

Conclusion

Chromosomal alterations, such as those seen in Turner’s syndrome, involve specific changes to the chromosomal structure, which can lead to significant health implications. In this context, option B correctly identifies a chromosomal alteration, while the other options focus on conditions or factors that do not describe chromosomal changes. Understanding these distinctions is essential for grasping the complexities of genetic and chromosomal influences on health.

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