What religion provided the guiding principles that resulted in the emergence of Capitalism?

While Catholicism has a rich history and contributed to the foundations of Western civilization, its emphasis on communal values and the importance of the Church in mediating between God and individuals did not cultivate the same individualistic and entrepreneurial spirit associated with capitalism. The Catholic Church historically prioritized social welfare over economic gain.

Confucianism, primarily practiced in East Asia, emphasizes societal harmony, respect for authority, and familial loyalty, which contrasts with the individualism found in capitalist systems. Its focus on social roles and collective well-being rather than personal profit and entrepreneurship limits its direct influence on capitalism.

Judaism has made significant contributions to ethical teachings and business practices but does not directly correlate with the emergence of capitalism as a system. The Jewish tradition values community and ethical conduct in trade, but it does not promote the same individualistic drive for profit that Protestantism inspired in the context of capitalism.