What is the type of software that has no intellectual property protections?

Closed-source software is proprietary and has strict intellectual property protections in place, preventing users from accessing the source code or modifying it without permission. This type of software is typically owned by a company or individual who retains exclusive rights, thus making it the opposite of public domain software.

Freeware refers to software that is available for use at no cost but still retains copyright protections. While users can use the software without payment, they are not free to modify or distribute it without permission from the copyright holder. Therefore, freeware does not fall under the category of public domain software.

Shareware is a distribution model that allows users to try software for free for a limited time, often with the expectation that they will pay for it if they continue to use it. Like freeware, shareware retains copyright protections and does not allow unrestricted use or modification, making it fundamentally different from public domain software.