What is a method for confirming users' identities?

Public key encryption is a cryptographic method that uses a pair of keys (public and private) for securing data transmission. While it plays a role in protecting information and facilitating secure communications, it does not directly confirm user identities; rather, it ensures that data sent is only readable by the intended recipient.

Information secrecy refers to the practice of keeping data confidential and protected from unauthorized access. Although crucial for data security, it does not serve as a method for confirming user identities. Secrecy focuses on protecting information rather than verifying who is accessing or using that information.

Authorization is the process that determines what resources a user can access after their identity has been verified. While it is a critical step in security management, it follows authentication and ensures that users have permission to perform certain actions or access specific resources, rather than confirming their identities.