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Human impact on the ecosystem of the Pine Barrens, which is a vast, primarily forested, region in southern New Jersey, has been heavy. A relatively small Native American population used the area in the seventeenth century, and widespread systematic burning of the forest by the Native American inhabitants has been hypothesized. Since settlement by Europeans, numerous overlapping human exploitations have had a major impact on the environment in the form of lumber and fuel-wood removal, along with the appearance of light industry, agriculture, real estate, transportation systems, and human-caused fire. In general, human population density in the area has remained low. The nearby cities of Philadelphia and New York have affected the area by providing markets for Pine Barrens resources.

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