The legal doctrine in property insurance that makes the insurer liable for damage when property is damaged by two causes, one of which is covered and the other excluded is known as

Contingent causation is not a widely recognized term in property insurance. This concept would imply that the liability of the insurer depends on certain conditions being met, which does not accurately describe the situation where multiple causes contribute to a loss. Therefore, it does not apply to the legal doctrine in question.

Conditional causation suggests that the insurer's liability is dependent on specific conditions, which is not applicable in cases where concurrent causes are involved. This term does not reflect the principle that liability exists even when an excluded cause is present alongside a covered cause.

Consequential causation typically refers to losses that result indirectly from an event. In the context of property insurance, it does not address the scenario where two causes—one covered and one excluded—act simultaneously, and thus does not represent the correct legal principle.