Ms. Laby, a second-grade teacher, has a disruptive student who continuously calls out in class during lessons. Which of the following is most appropriate for Ms. Laby to do first to address the student's behavior?

While involving parents can be an important part of addressing behavioral issues, it is not the first step in this scenario. Calling parents may escalate the situation without first trying to manage the behavior directly within the classroom. Immediate intervention is often more effective and helps to establish clear expectations for the student.

Consulting a behavioral specialist is a valuable resource, but it is not the first action Ms. Laby should take. This step typically occurs after initial classroom management strategies have been attempted and if the behavior persists. Addressing the issue directly in the moment is essential before seeking external advice.

Referring the student to the school psychologist may be necessary for ongoing behavioral issues, but it should not be the first action taken. Such referrals are typically reserved for more serious or persistent concerns that require specialized intervention. Initially managing the behavior within the classroom is crucial.