In which mode of entry do companies build new factories and offices from scratch?

Co-marketing operations refer to collaborative marketing strategies between companies to promote their products or services. This approach does not involve establishing new physical facilities but rather focuses on shared marketing efforts, making it irrelevant to the question of building factories or offices.

Greenfield operations specifically denote the process of constructing new facilities from the ground up in a foreign country. This method allows companies to tailor their operations to local conditions and requirements while avoiding the complexities associated with existing infrastructures, making it the correct choice.

Joint ventures are partnerships between two or more companies to collaborate on a specific business project, often sharing resources and facilities. While this may involve building new operations, it typically relies on existing resources or structures, rather than constructing entirely new factories from scratch.