Immediately after taking an exam, Sally was not sure how she performed. However, upon receiving an A on the exam a few weeks later, she reported that she knew all along that she had done very well. Sally is exhibiting which of the following?

Self-serving bias refers to the tendency to attribute positive outcomes to oneself while blaming negative outcomes on external factors. In this scenario, Sally is not attributing her success to her abilities or external factors but rather altering her perception of her initial feelings about her performance. Therefore, this choice does not accurately describe her behavior.

Critical thinking involves analyzing and evaluating information to form a reasoned judgment. Sally's situation does not illustrate critical thinking; instead, it shows a cognitive bias affecting her perception of her past knowledge and predictions. She is not engaging in a rational assessment of her exam performance.

Anchoring heuristic describes the cognitive bias where individuals rely heavily on the first piece of information encountered when making decisions. Sally's situation does not involve initial information that influences her perception; hence, this term does not apply to her behavior after receiving her exam results.