Dr. Gregory is utilizing a procedure that identifies groups or clusters of abilities in her intelligence research. Which of the following techniques is Dr. Gregory most likely using?

Standardization refers to the process of making scores comparable by adjusting them to a common scale. While important in testing and measurement, it does not serve the purpose of identifying clusters of abilities. Instead, it focuses on ensuring that tests are fair and results are interpretable across different contexts.

The chi-squared test of independence is a statistical method used to determine if two categorical variables are independent of one another. This technique does not cluster abilities or analyze relationships among multiple variables, making it unsuitable for Dr. Gregory's goal of identifying groups of abilities.

Criterion testing involves evaluating performance based on specific standards or criteria, often used to measure whether individuals meet certain benchmarks. While useful for assessment purposes, it does not focus on clustering abilities like factor analysis does, which is more aligned with Dr. Gregory's research aims.