An online retailer has experienced rapid growth over the past several years and has decided to revisit its information security policies. Among many changes, one aspect indicates that any tracking of customer activity must only be conducted with permission from the customer. Which ethical concern is addressed by this aspect of the new policies?

Human welfare refers to the well-being of individuals and communities, focusing on the positive outcomes and quality of life. While protecting customer data can contribute to human welfare by preventing harm, the specific policy change highlights the importance of controlling access to sensitive information, making privacy the more relevant ethical concern in this context.

Justice pertains to fairness and equality in the treatment of individuals. Although equitable access to data may be a concern, the core focus of the policy change is on limiting access to protect individual rights, particularly the right to privacy, rather than on issues of fair treatment or equal distribution of data access.

This choice correctly identifies the ethical concern being addressed. By restricting access to customer data based on employee privileges, the policy emphasizes the importance of keeping personal information confidential and secure, thereby prioritizing the privacy rights of customers.