Amusement Park W is in California. Amusement Park X is in Texas. A survey asks 1,000 people living in California if they prefer Amusement Park W or X. Which problem exists with this survey?
Measurement bias exists with this survey.
The survey exclusively targets individuals living in California, which inherently skews the results by not accounting for the preferences of those who reside in Texas, where Amusement Park X is located. This limitation creates an unbalanced representation of preferences, leading to measurement bias in the findings.
Systematic error refers to consistent, repeatable errors that occur due to a flaw in the measurement process. While the survey does have a flaw, it specifically arises from the biased sample selection rather than an ongoing error in measurement techniques. Thus, this choice does not accurately describe the issue at hand.
Measurement bias occurs when the method of data collection results in an inaccurate representation of the population's preferences. In this case, by only surveying Californians about their preference between two amusement parks—one of which is outside their state—the survey fails to capture a comprehensive view of public opinion, thus demonstrating measurement bias.
Information bias is related to inaccuracies in the data collected during the survey, often due to poor survey design or respondent misunderstanding. However, the primary issue with this survey stems from the sampling method rather than inaccuracies in the information itself, making this choice less relevant to the specific problem.
Random error refers to unpredictable variations in data that can arise from numerous sources, leading to discrepancies in measurement. Although random error can occur in surveys, the main problem in this case arises from the biased sampling approach rather than random fluctuations in responses.
The survey's design demonstrates measurement bias because it only involves respondents from California, disregarding the preferences of individuals in Texas who might favor Amusement Park X. This bias leads to a distorted representation of public opinion, undermining the validity of the survey results. Addressing the sampling method would be essential to obtain a more accurate understanding of preferences for both amusement parks.
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