Difficulty: Easy

Average Score: 100%

1. In October 2018, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology of Medicine for their groundbreaking efforts in inhibiting the impact of cancer in patients through immunotherapy. James P. Allison, 70-year-old immunologist and native Texan, works at the prestigious Anderson Cancer Center in Houston. Tasuku Honjo is a 76-year-old immunologist and native of Kyoto, Japan who currently leads a variety of important medical research efforts at Kyoto University. Their research efforts span several decades, in two extremely different national contexts, but their recent international collaborations have reignited the profession over the last ten years.
2. Together, their cutting-edge research has helped make cancer immunology one of the most innovative branches in the field of medicine. Their current project, which focuses on mitigating negative immune regulation, has helped uncover new strategies for "inhibiting the brakes of our immune systems" through T-cell immunotherapy. Though cancer rates continue to decline throughout developed countries, it still remains the second leading cause of global mortality rates, contributing to millions of deaths each year. Thanks to their findings, many research initiatives, which had previously given up on the prospects of immunotherapy practices, are reinvesting hundreds of millions of dollars into an entirely new class of drugs that might help

Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the

Rationale

Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the 2000s.

The extract clearly mentions that their recent international collaborations, which can be inferred as their most recent collaborative research, have reignited the profession over the last ten years. Given that the text was written in 2018, the last ten years would refer to the period starting in the 2000s.

A (1970s) YOUR ANSWER

The 1970s is incorrect as the extract does not mention any collaboration between the two scientists during this period. Their research efforts span several decades, but the specific start of their most recent collaborative research is stated to be within the last ten years from 2018, placing it in the 2000s.

B (1980s) YOUR ANSWER

The 1980s is also incorrect. Although the extract acknowledges that their individual research efforts have spanned several decades, it does not suggest that their most recent collaborative research began in the 1980s. It states that their recent international collaborations began within the last ten years, which would place the start of this phase of their work in the 2000s.

D (1990s) YOUR ANSWER

The 1990s is not correct as well. While the scientists have been conducting research for decades, the extract specifies that their most recent collaborative research began within the last ten years from 2018, which again points to the 2000s.

Conclusion

The correct answer is the 2000s, as the extract clearly states that Allison and Honjo's most recent collaborative research, which reignited the profession, began within the last ten years from 2018. The other options—1970s, 1980s, and 1990s—are incorrect as they do not align with the timeline provided in the extract. This highlights the importance of their work in recent years, which has led to significant advancements in the field of cancer immunology.

Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the

Allison and Honjo began their most recent collaborative research in the 2000s.

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