A nonprofit organization ran a fundraiser and would like to determine the amount of a typical donation. Which statistic is less affected by outliers and skewed data and should be used to determine the amount of a typical donation?

Z-scores measure the number of standard deviations a data point is from the mean. While they provide insight into the relative position of values, they are highly sensitive to outliers. A single extreme donation can significantly affect the mean and thus distort the interpretation of other donations when calculating Z-scores.

The mean is calculated by summing all donation amounts and dividing by the total number of donations. It is greatly influenced by outliers; for instance, a few large donations can raise the mean significantly, making it an unreliable indicator of a typical donation when the dataset is skewed.

The mode represents the most frequently occurring value in a dataset. While it can indicate the most common donation amount, it does not provide a central tendency measure that reflects the overall distribution, especially if the dataset contains many unique donation amounts or is skewed.