A nonprofit organization ran a fundraiser and would like to determine the amount of a typical donation. Which statistic is less affected by outliers and skewed data and should be used to determine the amount of a typical donation?

The mode is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset. While it can provide insight into common donation amounts, it may not accurately reflect a typical donation if the most frequent donation is significantly lower or higher than the rest, especially in datasets with outliers or skewed distributions.

A Z-score measures how many standard deviations a data point is from the mean, but it does not directly indicate a typical value of a dataset. Instead, it serves as a tool to identify outliers rather than summarize the overall distribution, making it unsuitable for determining a typical donation amount.

The mean is calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations. However, this average is highly sensitive to extreme values, which can skew the representation of a typical donation amount. In cases where donations vary widely, the mean may not accurately reflect the central tendency, unlike the median.