Which statement illustrates the principle of republicanism found in the U.S. Constitution?

While this statement pertains to federalism, a key aspect of the U.S. government system, it does not specifically illustrate republicanism. Federalism refers to the distribution of power between different levels of government, rather than the election of representatives, which is central to the concept of republicanism.

This choice describes the appointment process for Supreme Court justices, which is a function of checks and balances within the government rather than a direct expression of republicanism. The nomination process does not involve direct electoral participation by the people, distinguishing it from the principle being illustrated.

Although amendments outline important functions and rights within the government, they do not specifically exemplify republicanism. The focus here is on the structure and rights rather than the electoral process that enables citizens to elect their representatives, which is foundational to republicanism.