Which pre-Columbian American group developed writing?

The Inca civilization did not develop a true writing system. Instead, they utilized a system of knotted strings known as quipu for record-keeping and communication. While quipu was effective for administrative purposes, it lacked the capacity for written language in the traditional sense, distinguishing the Incas from other cultures like the Maya.

The Iroquois did not have a writing system of their own prior to European contact. Their history and traditions were transmitted orally through storytelling and oral histories. Although they had sophisticated governance and social structures, their reliance on oral tradition means they did not develop writing as seen in the Maya civilization.

The Cherokee developed a syllabary in the early 19th century, created by Sequoyah, allowing them to write their language. However, this was long after the pre-Columbian period, which is the focus of the question. Therefore, while the Cherokee have a writing system, it is not from the pre-Columbian era.